Klasa 4A

 3rd Oct 2024

Topic: Present Perfect Simple and Continuous

Present Pefect Simple – nacisk na skutek, używamy słów: already, just, yet, never, ever, so far

I have written 10 mails so far.

She has already left.

They have never been to Marocco.

Present Pefect Continuous – nacisk na długość trwania czynności, używamy słów: for, since, recently, all day…

I’ve been writing mails all morning.

He has been calling the bank for hours.

They have been cleaning since 9 am.

 

 

 4th April

Topic: Family and social life – vocabulary

be an only child    

bring up children  

make friends        

have a lot in common     

get on well with   

fall in love  

love at first sight  

look up to   

look down on       

set an alarm

get dressed 

comb my hair       

brush my teeth      

do my hair  

do chores    

have an argument 

lose my temper     

be grounded

get jealous  

humiliate    

argue with  

bully 

break your promise

 31th 

Purpose: in order to/ so as to/ so that/to - żeby

She went on holiday to relax.

                                       in order to relax

                                       so as to relax

                                       so that she can relax

in order to – in order not to

so as to – so as not to

Get dressed in order not to get cold.

Get dressed so as not to get cold.

Topic: Giving advice

You should change your eating habits.

You ought to change…

You can change …

You had better change ….

Why don’t you change …

What about changing …?

If I were you, I would change my …

 9th Jan 24

Topic: Future forms.

1)     We use the present simple for something scheduled:

We have a lesson next Monday.

The train leaves at 9 tomorrow.

2)     We can use the present continuous for plans or arrangements

I'm playing football tomorrow.

We are flying to Madrid next Wednesday.

3)      We use will:

• when we express beliefs about the future: (I think, believe, hope, promise, am sure)

 It will be a nice day tomorrow

• for spontaneous decisions

It’s cold here. I’ll turn on the central heating.

4)      We use be going to to talk about plans or intentions:

I'm going to drive to work today.

He’s going to be a doctor.

Predictions

1)     to make predictions based on evidence we can see: going to

Be careful! You are going to fall. (= I can see that you might fall.)

It’s going to rain.

2)     to make predictions based on our opinion: will

I think he will help us.

5)     We use Future Continuous for something happening before and after a specific time in the future:

I'll be working at eight o'clock. Can you come later?

Tomorrow at 12 I will be flying to N.Y.

 30th Nov 23

Topic: Expressions of quantity

Countable nouns: a phone, an orange, phones, oranges

Uncountable nouns: some sugar, the money (no plural)

furniture, information, advice, news, luggage

Both countable and uncountable:

-          some coffee/tea – a product

a coffee/tea – in a cup

-          some paper – a product

a morning paper – newspaper

-          some chicken – meat

a chicken – an animal

-          some hair – on your head

a hair  - in a soup

 Other examples

Expressions of quantity:

1)      Countable nouns:

-          a lot of – statements

-          many – questions, negatives

-          a few

I’ve got a few friends.

-          few

I’ve got few friends.

2)      Uncountable nouns:

-          a lot of – statements

-          much – questions, negatives

-          a little

I’ve got a little money

-          little

I’ve got little money.

Whole/all

-          whole – singular nouns

I drank the whole bottle of juice.

-          all – plural nouns

All the shops are closed today.

 

 28th Nov 23

Topic: Present Perfect Continuous

Form:

have/has been  + ing form

ve’/s’ been + ing form

I have been studying English for 5 years.

Present perfect simple	Present perfect continuous
Focuses on the result	Focuses on the activity
You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!	I've been gardening. It's so nice out there.
Says 'how many'	Says 'how long' (with for and since)
She's read ten books this summer.	She's been reading that book all day.
Describes a completed action	Describes an activity which may continue
I've written you an email.	I've been writing emails.
	When we can see evidence of recent activity
	The grass looks wet. Has it been raining? I know, I'm really red. I've been running!  For repeated action They've been playing tennis every Sunday for years.  Emphasises that a situation is temporary. I usually go to the gym on the High Street, but it's closed at the moment so I've been going to the one in the shopping centre.

 

Last week I read an interesting book.

… I didn’t read

Did you read …

Yesterday evening I was reading a book.

 

I have just read an interesting book.

I haven’t read ..

Have you read …

I have been reading this book for two hours.

22th Nov 23

Topic: Present Perfect vs Past Simple

have/has+ III forma

 

We use Present Perfect

·         for something that happened in the past but is important in the present:

I can't get in the house. I've lost my keys.
Teresa isn't at home. I think she has gone shopping.

• when we are talking about our experience up to the present with never/ever:

My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had.

Have you ever met George?
Yes, but I've never met his wife.

• With just: it means 'a short time before': właśnie

I've just seen Susan coming out of the cinema.

• with already: już

I've already spent my salary and it's two weeks before payday.

• with yet: in negatives and questions: już/jeszcze

Have you finished your homework yet?

• with still: wciaż

They promised me that report yesterday but they still haven't finished it.

• with for and since

for – a period of time:  a minute, two hours, three days

We’ve had this car for five years.

since – a point in time: 2015, I left school, last year, last holidays

We’ve lived here since 2015.

Past Simple

-         with past time expressions: yesterday, last week, 2015, two days ago

I went shopping yesterday.

-         when we ask about when:

When did you come back?

 15th Nov 23

Topic: Writing an article

1)    Tytuł

Tytuł  musi być krótki i ciekawy. Jego zadaniem jest przyciągnięcie uwagi odbiorcy i zachęcenie go do zapoznania się z treścią artykułu.

2)    Wstęp

We wstępie, starasz się maksymalnie zainteresować czytelnika tematem. 

-  możesz zadać pytanie (Have you ever wondered… 

-  przywołać jakiś cytat As Plato said:…

- wpleść przysłowie  Actions speak louder than words. Have you ever really experienced this in your own life? 

-  wykorzystać kontrasty: Most people believe that…but the truth is…

 

3)     Rozwinięcie

W rozwinięciu podajesz ciekawe i adekwatne przykłady, opisujesz i wyjaśniasz, proponujesz rozwiązania,  (zgodnie z treścią polecenia), odwołujesz się do doświadczeń swoich albo czytelników, podajesz statystyki itp. Nie masz na to za dużo miejsca, więc pamiętaj, aby trzymać się przez cały czas blisko treści polecenia.

Oto kilka zwrotów, które możesz wykorzystać w artykule po angielsku:

Imagine... - Wyobraź sobie, że…

The most important advantage/disadvantage of … is … - Najważniejszą zaletą/ wadą … jest...

Let's suppose that... - Załóżmy, że…

In addition to .. - W dodatku,

Take ... for example/instance. - Weźmy ... za przykład.

According to… - Według (ale nigdy "according to me"!!!)

On the one hand, - Z jednej strony

On the other hand, - Z drugiej strony

Nevertheless, - Niemniej

In spite of - Pomimo

For instance, - Na przykład

 

This movie/book conveys a beautiful and important message. - Ten film/książka niesie piękne i ważne przesłanie.

The plot makes the film/book a masterpiece. - Treść czyni film/książkę arcydziełem.

... seems to be – ... wydaje się być

Due to ... – Z powodu ...

How come ... ? – Jak to się stało, że ... ?

Yet, ... – Jednak, …

Apparently,/On the surface,/Seemingly, - Pozornie,

The issue/problem is/will be ... – Ten problem jest/będzie ...

It is vital/essential/key to ... – Ważne jest, aby …

As far as … is/are concerned... - Jeżeli chodzi o...

4)    Zakończenie

Zakończenie artykułu podsumowuje problem, podaje wnioski i zamyka treść w logiczną całość. Pamiętaj, podobnie jak tytuł i wstęp, zakończenie powinno wzbudzić w czytelniku emocje i zrobić na nim wrażenia tak, aby zapamiętał treść artykułu.

 14th Nov 23

Topic: Past Perfect

Form

had/hadn’t + past participle.

By the time Mark arrived at work, the staff meeting had already started.

Kerry couldn’t leave work on time because she hadn't written the report.

Question:

Had you gone home?

Use of Past Perfect

1)    to show the order of two past events. The past perfect shows the earlier action and the past simple shows the later action.

When the police arrived, the thief had escaped.

 

2)    We can also use before + past perfect

They left before I'd spoken to them.

 

3)    use the adverbs:

already (= 'before the specified time'),

still (= as previously),

just (= 'a very short time before the specified time'),

ever (= 'at any time before the specified time') or

never (= 'at no time before the specified time') with the past perfect.

I called his office but he'd already left.

It was the most beautiful photo I'd ever seen.

 

4)    We also use time expressions like by the time:

By the time we got to the party all the food had gone.

 

 8th Nov 23

Jobs

Work Duties vocabulary

World of work

 7th Nov 23

Topic: Past Habits – used to

-         talk about past states or actions that are not true anymore.

 used to + verb

We used to live in New York when I was a kid.
There didn't use to be a supermarket there. When did it open?
Did you use to have a garden?

When I was a kid I played basketball a lot.

When I was a kid I used to play basketball a lot.

31th Oct 23

Topic: Past Tenses

 

Past Simple – completed actions in the past

When we were in London last week, we took a lot of photos

We use the past tense to talk about:

• something that happened once in the past:

I met my wife in 1983.

• something that happened several times in the past:

When I was a boy, I walked a mile to school every day.

• with time expressions: ago, last

I met my wife a long time ago.

 

Past Continuous

Form:

The past continuous is made from the past tense of the verb be and the -ing form of a verb:

She was playing.

We use the past continuous to talk about the past:

·         for something which happened before and after another action:

The children were doing their homework when I got home.

• for something that happened before and after a specific time:

It was eight o'clock and I was writing a letter.

• to show that something continued for some time:

My head was aching.

• for incomplete actions:

I was reading a book yesterday evening.

 

Present Perfect

I have done – I’ve done       I haven’t done             Have you done…?

He has done = He’s done     He hasn’t done            Has he done…?

 

We use the present perfect:

-   for something that started in the past and continues in the present with for and since:

They've been married for nearly fifty years.

-  when we are talking about our experience up to the present never/ever:

Have you ever met George?
Yes, but I've never met his wife.

-  with adverbials which refer to the recent past:

already, just, yet, still, so far

Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of monkey.
We have just got back from our holidays.

 

 

Topic: Present Perfect Continuous

 

Form:

Have been/has been  + ing form

I have been studying English for 5 years.

I haven’t been studying

Have you been studying…?

She has been playing games since the morning.

She hasn’t been playing…

Has she been playing…?

 

Present perfect simple	Present perfect continuous
Focuses on the result	Focuses on the activity
You've cleaned the bathroom! It looks lovely!	I've been gardening. It's so nice out there.
Says 'how many'	Says 'how long'
She's read ten books this summer.	She's been reading that book all day.
Describes a completed action	Describes an activity which may continue
I've written you an email.	I've been writing emails.
	When we can see evidence of recent activity
	The grass looks wet. Has it been raining? I know, I'm really red. I've been running!   For repeated action They've been playing tennis every Sunday for years.   Emphasises that a situation is temporary. I usually go to the gym on the High Street, but it's closed at the moment so I've been going to the one in the shopping centre.